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The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (国際協力銀行; Kokusai Kyōryoku Ginkou), also known by its acronym, JBIC, is a Japanese public financial institution and export credit agency, and was created on October 1, 1999, through the merging of the Japan Export-Import Bank (JEXIM) and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF). JBIC is the international wing of Japan Finance Corporation (JFC), a policy-based financial institution of Japan, and conducts lending, investment and guarantee operations while complementing the private sector financial institutions.

The bank is wholly owned by the Japanese government, and its budget and operations are regulated by the JBIC law. It is headquartered in Tokyo and operates in 18 countries with 21 offices. The main purpose of the institution is to promote economic cooperation between Japan and oversea countries, by providing resources to foreign investments and by fostering international commerce.

It also has a major role in promoting Japanese exports and imports, and the country's activities overseas. The bank's presence can be seen both in developed and developing countries. It tries to contribute to the stability of the international financial order and to the promotion of sustainable development. It follows a policy of not competing with ordinary financial institutions.

JBIC is one of the instruments of Japan's official development assistance (ODA), which contributes to the execution of the country's foreign policy. JBIC recognizes the extreme importance of such a system from the standpoint of operational soundness and appropriateness.
 

In Japan, the Financial Services Agency (金融庁, Kin'yūchō) is responsible for overseeing banking services in order to ensure the stability of the financial system of Japan. Bank of Japan (BOJ) is not a regulatory authority under the Banking Act, but it conducts on-site examinations in order to maintain a safe and sound financial system. These examinations are based on bilateral agreements between the BOJ and financial institutions that have current accounts with it under the Bank of Japan Act.